本月行业报告公开新政策,_The Unique Practice of Three Mothers Serving One Husband_ A Cultural Insight_
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近日技术小组通报核心进展:今日行业报告传递政策更新,_The Unique Practice of Three Mothers Serving One Husband_ A Cultural Insight_
In various cultures around the world, marriage and family structures differ significantly. One such intriguing practice is the phenomenon of "three mothers serving one husband." This unique custom, though not widely recognized, offers a fascinating glimpse into the social and cultural norms of certain societies. This article aims to explore the concept of three mothers cohabiting with one husband, its historical context, and its implications on family dynamics. The practice of three mothers serving one husband is most commonly observed in rural areas of certain Asian countries, particularly in regions where traditional values and customs still hold sway. In these societies, the concept of polygamy is not only accepted but also encouraged, especially among the elite classes. The primary motivation behind this practice is the belief that having multiple wives can bring prosperity, status, and a strong family unit. The role of the three mothers in this arrangement can be categorized into three distinct types: the primary wife, the secondary wife, and the concubine. The primary wife is typically the most influential and holds the highest status within the household. She is usually the one who bears the husband's children and is responsible for managing the household. The secondary wife is often younger and more fertile, serving as a companion to the husband and potentially bearing children. The concubine, on the other hand, is usually the lowest in status and may have been acquired through purchase or inheritance. The dynamics between the three mothers can be complex and challenging. Jealousy, competition, and rivalry are common issues that arise, as each woman seeks to maintain her position within the family. However, despite these challenges, many women find solace in the sense of belonging and the security that comes with being part of a large family unit. Historically, the practice of three mothers serving one husband can be traced back to ancient times. In some societies, it was believed that having multiple wives would ensure the continuation of the family line and the preservation of the family's wealth and power. Over time, this practice has evolved to reflect changing social and economic conditions, but the core principles remain the same. In terms of family dynamics, the presence of three mothers can have both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, it can create a sense of unity and support within the family, as women work together to ensure the well-being of their husband and children. On the other hand, it can lead to conflicts and power struggles, as each woman vies for control and influence. One of the most significant implications of this practice is the impact it has on the children born into these families. Children may find themselves caught in the middle of their parents' dynamics, struggling to maintain relationships with all three mothers. This can lead to feelings of insecurity and a lack of belonging, as they navigate their complex family structures. In recent years, the practice of three mothers serving one husband has faced increasing scrutiny and criticism. Many argue that it perpetuates gender inequality and hinders the development of healthy family relationships. As societies become more progressive and gender roles evolve, the traditional practice of polygamy is being challenged, and many are advocating for the rights of women and children. In conclusion, the practice of three mothers serving one husband is a unique and intriguing aspect of certain cultures. While it has its challenges, it also offers valuable insights into the complexities of family dynamics and the social norms that shape our lives. As we continue to evolve and embrace change, it is essential to understand and appreciate the diversity of human experiences, even those that may seem unconventional or challenging.
见习记者丨张旭编辑丨李博伴随着暑运的结束,A 股所有上市航空公司都披露了 2025 年半年报。其中,三大航营收稳步增长,虽仍在亏损但减亏效果显著,而民营航空公司均实现盈利,实现了逆势突围。国航、南航、东航上半年共亏损 47.7 亿元,共减亏 20.08 亿元。东航在三大航中亏损最少、减亏最多。同期,四家民营航司春秋航空、吉祥航空、华夏航空、海航控股均实现盈利。春秋航空凭借 11.69 亿元的净利润,再次成为上半年最赚钱的航司。数据来源:wind东航亏损最少总体来看,三大航的主营业务收入同比均有增长,且减亏工作卓有成效。具体从财务表现来看,三大航上半年营收增长明显,亏损整体同比收窄近三成。其中,中国国航实现营业收入 807.57 亿元,同比增长 1.6%;中国东航营业收入 668.22 亿元,同比增长 4.09%;南方航空营业收入 862.91 亿元,同比增长 1.77%。净利润方面,三家航司虽仍处于亏损状态,但减亏效果明显:中国东航归属于上市公司股东的净亏损为 14.31 亿元,较上年同期减亏 13.37 亿元;中国国航归母净利润亏损 18.06 亿元,同比减亏 9.77 亿元;南方航空净亏损 15.33 亿元。作为三大航中净亏损最少的航司,东航在财报中表示,大幅减亏主要是由于公司国际经营进一步拓展、成本管控成效进一步显现,生产经营指标同比增长。东航半年报显示,公司上半年新开国际地区航线达 14 条,上海始发的国际地区航班数已恢复至 2019 年的 110% 以上,东航成为国际通航点最多的境内航司,并成为中日、中韩、中国至澳新、中国至新马泰市场最大承运人,也是中国到日韩地区通航点最多的承运人。借助浦东国际枢纽,东航搭建了日韩经浦东到欧亚,欧洲经浦东到澳洲、到东南亚的中转大通道。打造了上海浦东至伦敦、悉尼、莫斯科、巴黎等国际远程干线以及至日韩新马泰等国际快线、准快线,从日韩等传统枢纽机场抢到了不少中转客源。在运力方面,上半年东航的国际航线客运运力投入同比增长 24.38%,国内航线客运运力投入同比增长 1.07%,地区航线客运运力投入同比下降 4.57%;国际航线旅客周转量同比大幅增长 28.74%,国内航线旅客周转量同比增长 6.11%,地区航线旅客周转量同比增长 4.04%。南航和国航也在发力国际客运。国航上半年的国际航线客运运力投入同比增长 16.7%,旅客周转量同比增长 16.99%;南航的国际航线客运运力投入同比增长 22.5%,旅客周转量同比增长 25.88%。根据三大航财报数据,国航的国际客运收入同比增长 16.09%,东航的国际客运收入同比增长 20.34%,南航的国际客运收入同比增长 15.74%。国际航线的恢复对于航司业绩的改善有重要作用。一方面能够提升宽体机的利用率,另一方面客运减少国内运力投入,一定程度上缓解国内客运市场激烈竞争,促进票价的回升。对于三大航尚未扭亏为盈的原因,民航新型智库专家林智杰向 21 世纪经济报道记者分析称,一是三大航承担了更多国家战略和社会责任,包括飞了一些不赚钱的航线;二是目前国际市场尚未完全恢复,特别是远程市场,三大航受到的影响更大;三是大型航空公司的管理能力和运营效率还有提升空间。成本管控成重要抓手从半年报来看,代表票价水平的客公里收益数据均同比下滑,三大航的国内航线收入也都同比下滑。在此背景下,成本控制能力就至关重要。在 2025 年战略解码会上,东航首次制定 " 成本硬仗 " 工作计划,将其列为公司 " 七场硬仗 " 之一,并成立成本管理委员会,设置八个专班,专人专项管控成本。通过精细管控起降服务费、客桥费、航油成本等大项成本,东航实现主要航站平均靠桥时间同比下降 9.5%,客桥费、桥载设备费用比去年同期节省约 1100 万元。通过优化飞行高度、执行单发滑行等举措,推动航油单位耗油持续下降,上半年飞机燃油成本同比下降 8.08%;通过压缩日常货币存量、提前归还与置换高利率债务等措施,减少利息支出,上半年东航的财务费用同比减少 26.89%。国航在财报中也解释了降本的做法:节支航油、起降、餐食、机务等大项成本,持续深化运行全链条成本精细化管控。深入推进成本管控,深挖成本潜力,扩大效益贡献。持续强化资金统筹,加强债务风险管控,在确保资金安全的前提下提高资金使用效率,降低财务费用。上半年财务费用为 25.07 亿元,同比减少 9.36 亿元。此外,航油价格下降使得三大航的航空油料成本明显减少。国航、东航和南航的航空油料成本同比分别降低 10.34%、8.08% 和 9.15%。不过,在节约成本方面,以春秋航空为首的低成本航空公司更有优势。春秋航空没有宽体机,运营成本更低,且国际航线运力主要在日韩等周边国家,受国际航线波动影响较小。在 2023 年和 2024 年,春秋已经连续两年成为内地赚钱航空公司。2023 年净利润 22.57 亿元,2024 年净利润 22.73 亿元。2025 年上半年,春秋航空延续这一势头,在盈利能力方面再次夺冠。对于春秋航空再度成为最赚钱航司,林智杰分析有两点原因,一方面是因为春秋航空背靠上海市场,基本盘壮大;另一方面春秋航空采用的低成本航空模式,比较契合中国市场当前状况。今年三大航能否扭亏为盈?林智杰认为难度较大。航班管家数据显示,2025 年上半年中国民航旅客运输量约为 3.7 亿人次,同比增长 5.9%。票价方面,2025 上半年,民航国内经济舱平均含税票价 740 元,同比 2024 年下降 6.9%,同比 2019 年下降 7.8%。进入下半年,作为全年旺季的暑运刚刚结束," 旺丁不旺财 " 的局面仍在延续。航班管家 9 月 1 日发布的《2025 年暑运出行数据总结》显示, 2025 年暑运民航国内经济舱平均票价 846 元(含燃油附加费),同比下滑 6.4%,同比 2019 年同比 2019 年下降 8.6%。此外,暑运民航国际客运航线航班约 12.2 万班次,恢复至 2019 年同期的 88.9%;出港目的地区域上,东南亚与东亚两者占国际出港总量的 75.1%。国内票价仍在承压,国际航线尚未完全恢复到 2019 年水平,多重因素叠加,三大航距离扭亏为盈还有不少的路要走。